What causes reduced variability on CTG?
Reduced variability can occur due to central nervous system hypoxia/acidosis and resulting decreased sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, but it can also be due to previous cerebral injury [23], infection, administration of central nervous system depressants or parasympathetic blockers.
What do early decelerations indicate?
Early decelerations can happen when the baby’s head is compressed. This often happens during later stages of labor as the baby is descending through the birth canal. They may also occur during early labor if the baby is premature or in a breech position. This causes the uterus to squeeze the head during contractions.
What do prolonged decelerations indicate?
Prolonged fetal heart rate deceleration, defined as a visually apparent decrease in the fetal heart rate below baseline by 15 bpm for longer than 2 min but less than 10 min, is an example of a non-reassuring fetal heart rate characteristic, which often occurs in response to physiologic and reversible changes to …
How do you fix late decelerations?
Also, you can take certain steps to treat late decelerations and improve fetal oxygen supply.
- Lie down in the left lateral, knee-chest, or right lateral position to relieve compression of the large vein (or vena cava) by your pregnant uterus.
- Your doctor might administer oxygen in response to late decelerations.
What are the nursing interventions for late decelerations?
Interventions for late decelerations are:
- Lower the head of the bed and turn the mom on her left side to take the pressure off the vena cava and allow blood flow to the heart and to the lungs.
- Re-oxygenation or the reintroduction of oxygen to the baby by giving oxygen to the mother.
What does a normal CTG look like?
Normal antenatal CTG trace: The normal antenatal CTG is associated with a low probability of fetal compromise and has the following features: Baseline fetal heart rate (FHR) is between 110-160 bpm • Variability of FHR is between 5-25 bpm • Decelerations are absent or early • Accelerations x2 within 20 minutes.
How do you treat late decelerations?
Interventions for late decelerations are:
- Lower the head of the bed and turn the mom on her left side to take the pressure off the vena cava and allow blood flow to the heart and to the lungs.
- Re-oxygenation or the reintroduction of oxygen to the baby by giving oxygen to the mother.
Are late decelerations bad?
Repeated late decelerations are a sign of fetal distress and are caused by fetal hypoxia. The degree to which the heart rate slows is not important. The timing of the deceleration is what must be carefully observed. Late decelerations must always be taken seriously.
What do prolonged decelerations look like?
Prolonged deceleration: a visually apparent decrease of 15 or more beats per minute below the baseline. This decrease lasts at least 2 minutes but less than 10 minutes from onset to the return to baseline (≥10 minutes is con- sidered a baseline change).
Why was the CTG put in place for prolonged late decelerations?
There are persistent ‘chronic’ late decelerations that are also prolonged. The CTG was put in place for reduced fetal movements. These are late decelerations which are also prolonged. This fetus has chronic hypoxia, secondary to utero-placental insufficiency. This also explains the relatively “normal” baseline rate.
When to remove a CTG from intermittent auscultation?
If CTG is normal: continue CTG or if it was started because of concerns arising from intermittent auscultation, remove CTG after 20 minutes if there are no nonreassuring/abnormal features and no ongoing risk factors. Describe decelerations as ‘early’, ‘variable’ or ‘late’.
What to do if your CTG is abnormal?
If the CTG is abnormal: Offer to take fetal blood sample (FBS; for lactate or pH) after implementing conservative measures, or expedite birth if an FBS cannot be obtained and no accelerations are seen as a result of scalp stimulation.
What are some of the side effects of insomnia?
Complications of insomnia may include: 1 Lower performance on the job or at school 2 Slowed reaction time while driving and a higher risk of accidents 3 Mental health disorders, such as depression, an anxiety disorder or substance abuse 4 Increased risk and severity of long-term diseases or conditions, such as high blood pressure and heart disease
