How is Neurobrucellosis diagnosed?
Diagnosis of neurobrucellosis is usually confirmed by detection of specific antibodies in blood and CSF by ELISA or Coombs’ test, or positive CSF cultures with positivity in less than 50% cases (9, 10).
What does brucellosis do to humans?
People with brucellosis may develop fever, sweats, headaches, back pains, and physical weakness. In severe cases, the central nervous system and the lining of the heart may be affected. One form of the illness may also cause long-lasting symptoms, including recurrent fevers, joint pain, and fatigue.
How is chronic brucellosis treated?
Chronic brucellosis is treated with triple-antibiotic therapy. The combination of rifampin, doxycycline, and streptomycin often is used….Drugs that display clinical activity with low relapse rates include the following:
- Doxycycline.
- Gentamicin.
- Streptomycin.
- Rifampin.
- Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ)
What are some neurologic symptoms of brucellosis?
The common presentations include fever, meningitis, brisk deep-tendon reflexes, extensor plantars, sensory deficit usually below the twelfth thoracic vertebral level, weakness of lower limbs, ocular signs of papilledema, and retrobulbar neuritis.
Does brucellosis cause paralysis?
This case suggests that brucellosis should be considered a precursor of GBS in brucellosis-endemic areas. Serological tests for brucellosis should be performed in cases of patients presenting with acute paralysis and GBS-like signs and symptoms in such areas.
What is the pathogenesis of brucellosis?
Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection caused by the bacterial genus Brucella. The bacteria are transmitted from animals to humans by ingestion through infected food products, direct contact with an infected animal, or inhalation of aerosols.
Is brucellosis an STD?
Canine brucellosis is a contagious bacterial infection caused by the bacterium, Brucella canis (B. canis). This bacterial infection is highly contagious between dogs. Infected dogs usually develop an infection of the reproductive system, or a sexually transmitted disease.
What happens if brucellosis is not treated?
Possible complications include: Infection of the heart’s inner lining (endocarditis). This is one of the most serious complications of brucellosis. Untreated endocarditis can damage or destroy the heart valves and is the leading cause of brucellosis-related deaths.
Does brucellosis cause headache?
Symptoms occur within an incubation period of 10–21 days, in some cases up to several months. The clinical picture of human brucellosis is not specific, often accompanied with flu-like symptoms such as undulant fever, sweating, asthenia, myalgia, arthralgia, and headache.
What are the treatment options for brucellosis?
Antibiotics commonly used to treat brucellosis include:
- doxycycline (Acticlate, Adoxa, Doryx, Monodox, Oracea, Vibra-Tabs, Vibramycin)
- streptomycin.
- ciprofloxacin (Cipro) or ofloxacin.
- rifampin (Rifadin)
- sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (Bactrim)
- tetracycline.
How does neurobrucellosis affect the central nervous system?
Neurobrucellosis occurs in 5–10% of cases of brucellosis and affects the central (CNS) or peripheral nervous system (PNS) ( 3 ). This may lead to a variety of clinical manifestations and imaging abnormalities that mimic other neurologic diseases ( 1 – 11 ).
What kind of disease is brucellosis in humans?
Human brucellosis is a multisystem disease that may present with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations [ 4 ].
When to use Brucella TA for neurobrucellosis?
Conclusions. Patients with severe and persistent headache and other neurologic symptoms and signs should be considered for neurobrucellosis in endemic regions and to possibly receive longer therapy than 6 weeks. Brucella TA with Coombs test in CSF is sensitive and specific by using a cutoff of ≥1:8.
Are there any diagnostic criteria for neurobrucellosis?
Neurobrucellosis may develop at any stage of disease and may have widely variable manifestations, including encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, radiculitis, myelitis, peripheral and cranial neuropathies, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and psychiatric manifestations [ 1, 2, 5 ]. In the literature, diagnostic criteria of neurobrucellosis is problematic.
