What is meant by functionally graded material?
Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are novel materials whose properties change gradually with respect to their dimensions. The properties of an FGM are not identical to the materials that constitute it.
Why functionally graded materials?
Functionally graded materials (FGMs) distribute the material functions throughout the material body to achieve the maximum heat resistance and mechanical properties ideal for spacecraft where one side may be exposed to extremely high temperatures and the other side may be exposed to extremely low temperatures.
Which am process is capable of making functionally gradient material?
The materials can be designed for specific function and applications. Various approaches based on the bulk (particulate processing), preform processing, layer processing and melt processing are used to fabricate the functionally graded materials.
What are the FGM processing methods?
To date, controlled-blending has mostly been used for making FGM thin films. For example, FGM thin films by thermal spraying (blended powder feed), vapour deposition (CVD/PVD blended gas feed), electrophoretic deposition (blended slurries), filter pressing (blended slurries), and blended spray drying.
How are functionally graded materials FGMs?
FGMs can be classified according to the degree of control on gradient or the accuracy of reinforcing phase distribution into three main categories: high degree of process control, moderate degree of process control and low degree of process control, as shown in Fig. 12 [100].
What is FGM plate?
Abstract: A four-noded finite element of a moderately thick plate made of functionally graded material (FGM) is presented. The base element is rectangular and can be extended to any shape using a transformation based on NURBS functions.
What is an AM process?
Contact Us. Additive manufacturing (AM) or additive layer manufacturing (ALM) is the industrial production name for 3D printing, a computer controlled process that creates three dimensional objects by depositing materials, usually in layers.
Which of the casting process is used to produce FGM alloy casting?
Centrifugal casting
Centrifugal casting is the most versatile and economical technique to produce FGMs amongst various processes [33]. This technique can be used to produce an FGM with continuous variation of the composition across the volume of a single component.
How do you classify am processes?
Understanding the Seven Types of Additive Manufacturing
- Binder jetting.
- Directed Energy Deposition.
- Powder Bed Fusion.
- Sheet Lamination.
- Material Extrusion.
- Material Jetting.
- Vat Photo Polymerization.
Why are Functionally Graded Materials ( FGMs ) so important?
It is the advanced development of formerly used composite materials and consists of two or more materials in order to achieve the desired properties according to the application where an FGM is used. FGMs have obtained a great attention of researchers in the past decade due to their graded properties at every single point in various dimensions.
Which is an advanced category of functionally graded materials?
The advanced category of heterogeneous composite materials, known as functionally graded materials (FGMs), has multifunctional characteristics on one part by gradual changing composition or structure and is very suitable for engineering applications requiring conflicting properties in one component [ 10 ].
When did functionally graded materials start to be made?
Fig. 4 presents the contribution of manufacturing methods in the production of FGMs based on the Web of Science search system in the duration of 1990–12/2019. Although the FGMs had their beginnings in the mid-1980s, the real launch was in the early 1990s, and published papers on FGMs continued to increase as shown in Fig. 5.
Which is an example of a functionally graded structure?
The most important natural examples of functionally graded structures are human body parts, such as bones, teeth and skin because these parts have gradation in properties of hardness and ductility in addition to bio-tissues of animals and trees [ 18 ].
