What is the fine structure of spectral line?
Fine structure, in spectroscopy, the splitting of the main spectral lines of an atom into two or more components, each representing a slightly different wavelength. Fine structure is produced when an atom emits light in making the transition from one energy state to another.
What is fine structure and hyperfine structure?
Fine structure describes the splitting of the spectral lines of atoms due to electron spin and relativistic corrections to the non-relativistic Schrödinger equation. The hyperfine structure is caused by interaction between magnetic field (from electron movement) and nuclear spin.
What is hyperfine structure in ESR spectra?
Hyperfine structure (HFS) occurs as a result of the magnetic interaction between the electronic spin S and the nuclear spin I. The hyperfine interaction in ESR spectra is analogous to the fine structure, i.e., nuclear spin–spin interaction in NMR spectra.
What is the cause of hyperfine structure in rotational spectra?
Deuterated species are of interest because deuterium is a quadrupolar nucleus, which leads to a quadrupole coupling that in turn produces a splitting in the rotational transitions, the so-called hyperfine (hf) structure.
What is doublet line structure?
are doublets. Such doublet structure in energy is observed for all the atoms possessing a single valence electron i.e., in the outer most shell. Usually the doublet spacing is small and hence it is called fine structure. To explain this feature Uhlenback and Goudsmith first proposed the hypothesis of electron spin.
What is rotational fine structure?
The appearance of rotational fine structure is determined by the symmetry of the molecular rotors which are classified, in the same way as for pure rotational spectroscopy, into linear molecules, spherical-, symmetric- and asymmetric- rotor classes.
What is meant by hyperfine level?
In atomic physics, hyperfine structure is defined by small shifts in otherwise degenerate energy levels and the resulting splittings in those energy levels of atoms, molecules, and ions, due to interaction between the nucleus and electron clouds.
How is hyperfine calculated?
The total angular momentum of the atom is represented by F with regards to hyperfine structure. This is found simply through the relation F=J+I where I is the ground state quantum number and J refers to the energy levels of the system.
What is meant by hyperfine structure?
Hyperfine structure (HFS), in spectroscopy, the splitting of a spectral line into a number of components. The splitting is caused by nuclear effects and cannot be observed in an ordinary spectroscope without the aid of an optical device called an interferometer.
What is the meaning of hyperfine structure?
hyperfine structure. / (ˈhaɪpəˌfaɪn) / noun. the splitting of a spectral line of an atom or molecule into two or more closely spaced components as a result of interaction of the electrons with the magnetic moments of the nucleiCompare fine structure See also Zeeman effect.
What is D line of sodium?
D-lines, in spectroscopy, a pair of lines, characteristic of sodium, in the yellow region of the spectrum. The line is the fourth prominent absorption line in the Sun’s spectrum, starting from the red end, and accordingly is designated by the letter D.
What is doublet mean?
1 : a man’s close-fitting jacket worn in Europe especially during the Renaissance. 2 : something consisting of two identical or similar parts: such as. a : a lens consisting of two components especially : a handheld magnifier consisting of two lenses in a metal cylinder.
How to measure fine structure, hyperfine structure and Stark effect?
Previously, fine and hyperfine structure measure ments of molecular Rydberg states by Dopper-free tech niques have been limited to a few states of Hz and Dz. 4 USing a variation of the optical-radio-frequency double resonance technique (ODR),5 we have measured the fine structure, hyperfine structure, and Stark effect in the NO A z~+ state.
How is the fine structure of an atom described?
Fine structure describes the splitting of the spectral lines of atoms due to electron spin and relativistic corrections to the non-relativistic Schrödinger equation.
How is the fine structure of hydrogen determined?
Hydrogen Fine Structure. The familiar red H-alpha line of hydrogen is a single line according to the Bohr theory. The straight application of the Schrodinger equation to the hydrogen atom gives the same result.
What is the splitting of the spectral line called?
This splitting is called fine structure and was one of the first experimental evidences for electron spin. The small splitting of the spectral line is attributed to an interaction between the electron spin S and the orbital angular momentum L. It is called the spin-orbit interaction.
