What is an Epileptogenic zone?
Definition of epileptogenic zone. In 1993, we defined the epileptogenic zone as the “area of cortex that is necessary and sufficient for initiating seizures and whose removal (or disconnection) is necessary for complete abolition of seizures” (Lüders et al. 1993).
What is an Epileptogenic focus?
a discrete area of the brain in which originate the electrical discharges that give rise to seizure activity.
What is irritative zone?
The irritative zone is defined as the area of cortical tissue that generates interictal electrographic spikes. The irritative zone is measured by EEG (scalp or invasive), magnetoencephalography (MEG) or functional MRI (fMRI) triggered by interictal spikes. These can be considered as `mini-seizures’.
What is Epileptogenic lesion?
An epileptogenic lesion is defined as a radiographic lesion that causes seizures (Rosenow and Luders 2001).
What are Epileptogenic drugs?
Drugs with high epileptogenic potential include meperidine, sevoflurane, clozapine, phenothiazines and cyclosporine. Drugs with intermediate epileptogenic potential include propofol, maprotiline, tricyclic antidepressants and chlorambucil.
Is epilepsy a nervous system disease?
Epilepsy is a neurological condition involving the brain that makes people more susceptible to having recurrent seizures. It is one of the most common disorders of the nervous system and affects people of all ages, races, and ethnic background. Almost 2.2 million Americans live with epilepsy.
What is a focal seizure?
Focal seizures, also called focal seizures, begin in one area of the brain, but can become generalized and spread to other areas. For seizures of all kinds, the most common treatment is medication. The doctor may also recommend diet therapy, nerve stimulation or surgery, depending on the seizures’ characteristics.
What is the best antiepileptic drug?
March 22, 2007 – Lamictal is the best first-choice drug for partial epilepsy, while valproic acid is the best first choice for generalized epilepsy, two major clinical trials show.
Does epilepsy shorten life span?
Reduction in life expectancy can be up to 2 years for people with a diagnosis of idiopathic/cryptogenic epilepsy, and the reduction can be up to 10 years in people with symptomatic epilepsy. Reductions in life expectancy are highest at the time of diagnosis and diminish with time.
What are the warning signs of epilepsy?
General symptoms or warning signs of a seizure can include:
- Staring.
- Jerking movements of the arms and legs.
- Stiffening of the body.
- Loss of consciousness.
- Breathing problems or stopping breathing.
- Loss of bowel or bladder control.
- Falling suddenly for no apparent reason, especially when associated with loss of consciousness.
How do you tell if you’ve had an absence seizure?
What are the symptoms of absence seizures?
- Being very still.
- Smacking the lips or making a chewing motion with the mouth.
- Fluttering the eyelids.
- Stopping activity (suddenly not talking or moving)
- Suddenly returning to activity when the seizure ends.
What are the 5 areas of the epileptogenic zone?
Because the epileptogenic zone is in fact a theoretical concept, preoperative evaluation is focused on identifying instead five well-defined cortical areas involved in seizure activity. These are the symptomatogenic zone, the irritative zone, the ictal onset zone, the epileptogenic lesion, and the functional deficit zone (Rosenow and Luders, 2001).
How is the irritative zone of the brain identified?
Interictal magnetoencephalography (MEG) has been demonstrated recently to successfully identify the irritative zone in extratemporal regions of the cortex (Knake et al., 2006; Ebersole, 2010 ).
Which is the seizure onset zone of the brain?
The seizure onset zone is the area of the cortex from which clinical seizures are (actually) generated, as opposed to the epileptogenic zone, which is the area of the cortex that is indispensable for the generation of epileptic seizures (see also the section `The epileptogenic zone’, below).
What are the different types of cortical zones?
These diagnostic methods define different cortical zones (symptomatogenic zone, irritative zone, ictal onset zone, functional deficit zone and the epileptogenic lesion), each of which is a more or less precise index of the location and extent of the epileptogenic zone (Table 1 ).
