What is the Linde method?
A process for the liquefaction of gases by the Joule–Thomson effect. In this process, devised by Carl von Linde (1842–1934) in the late 19th century for liquefying air, the air is freed of carbon dioxide and water and compressed to 150 atmospheres.
How does Linde process work?
Linde’s process Air is liquefied by the Linde process, in which air is alternately compressed, cooled, and expanded, each expansion results in a considerable reduction in temperature. With the lower temperature the molecules move more slowly and occupy less space, so the air changes phase to become liquid.
Which effect is used for liquefaction of air by Linde process?
Linde has utilized the Joule-Thomson effect as the basis for liquefaction. The device designed for this purpose is shown in the figure. For the liquefaction of gas, it is compressed to about 200 atmospheres, and after that passed through a water-cooled pipe where the heat of compression is removed.
What is the principle of the Linde Hampson system for liquefaction of air?
The Hampson–Linde cycle introduced regenerative cooling, a positive-feedback cooling system. The heat exchanger arrangement permits an absolute temperature difference (e.g. 0.27 °C/atm J–T cooling for air) to go beyond a single stage of cooling and can reach the low temperatures required to liquefy “fixed” gases.
What is Claude’s method?
A process for liquefying air on a commercial basis. Air under pressure is used as the working substance in a piston engine, where it does external work and cools adiabatically. This cool air is fed to a counter-current heat exchanger, where it reduces the temperature of the next intake of high-pressure air.
How do you liquify gases?
In general, gases can be liquefied by one of three methods: (1) by compressing the gas at temperatures less than its critical temperature; (2) by making the gas do some kind of work against an external force, which causes the gas to lose energy and change to the liquid state; and (3) by making gas do work against its …
What is Claude’s process?
At what temperature does nitrogen condense?
LN is produced by compressing and cooling nitrogen gas to a point below its evaporation point of about − 196 °C [− 320 °F].
What are the three methods used for liquefaction of gases?
In general, gases can be liquefied by one of three general methods: (1) by compressing the gas at temperatures less than its critical temperature; (2) by making the gas do some kind of work against an external force, causing the gas to lose energy and change to the liquid state; and (3) by making gas do work against …
What is a liquefaction cycle?
In materials science, liquefaction is a process that generates a liquid from a solid or a gas or that generates a non-liquid phase which behaves in accordance with fluid dynamics. It occurs both naturally and artificially.
What is the basic principle of Joule Thomson effect?
The basic principle of Joule Thomson effect is based on the transfer of heat. Also, at ordinary temperature and pressure, all real gases undergo expansion and this phenomenon is used in the process of liquefying gases.
Why does compressing a gas cause it to liquefy?
When a gas is compressed its molecules are forced closer together and, their vibratory motion being reduced, heat is given off. As compression proceeds, the speed of the molecules and the distances between them continue to decrease, until eventually the substance undergoes change of state and becomes liquid.
